69 pages • 2 hours read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Key Figures
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Juan and Epitacio are having a drink after their shift at the mining company they now work for in Arizona. As the night goes on, Epitacio loses both of their paychecks and then disappears completely. Juan decides to pretend he is two different people so that he can work both day and night shifts. On the night shift, he runs into a guy named Tomás who was at the bar the night Epitacio lost all their money. Tomás proposes that they steal some ore and sell it to an American engineer he knows. They do, and they get caught because the engineer set them up. Juan and Tomás are thrown into jail where they are expected to deliver sexual favors to the other inmates in return for protection. Before Juan is forced to participate, someone knocks down one of the jail walls, and the inmates scatter as fast as possible. Juan runs but is caught, beaten, and returned to prison.
After a while his family finds out what happened, and they have an old rich Mexican man bring them to visit Juan. The old man asks to speak to Juan alone. When they are in privacy, the old man asks Juan to admit to a murder his son committed in exchange for a large sum of cash that his mother could then use to survive. Juan agrees to do it for 500 dollars in gold and ends up getting life in prison. While there he makes friends with the cook, who teaches him to read. An opportunity arises to volunteer at a road camp; Juan takes it despite the cook’s warning that he will be raped. Upon arrival, he is sexually assaulted, beaten, and eventually knifed in the stomach for not acquiescing. He almost dies from his injury before escaping from the prison hospital with some Indians.
They’re on the run for a week before Juan reconnects with his family. He finds out Emilia died and then quickly signs up to work in Montana using his grandfather’s name. In Montana he makes friends with a burly and cunning Turk named Duel. He teaches Juan how to gamble and take advantage of drunk card players. He also introduces Juan to Katherine, who runs the whorehouse where they work. One evening Juan saves one of the girls, Lily, from some angry customers. As a result, Katherine has Lily sleep with him then pays for Juan to get a suit and a haircut. All goes well until Duel gets jealous of Katherine and Juan’s intimacy and points his gun at Juan. Soon after, Juan gets news that his mother is dying. He catches the next train to see her.
Juan arrives in California and is delighted by the warm, sunny weather. He shows up brandishing his newfound wealth for all to see. Luisa at first mistakes him for a criminal but then realizes it is her long-lost brother. She explains that their mom isn’t really sick, she just wanted him to come home. Juan and Doña Margarita reunite in a tearful embrace. She tells him he must never leave again and that she is only staying alive long enough to see him married. At first he says he must go back to Montana, but then he agrees to her wishes. That night they celebrate with their neighbors then stay up all night talking. Luisa shares that Inocenta is married with children and that they have located some of their cousins. She reveals that some of the cousins took advantage of them and that his mother gave some of the gold away to their sister, who deserted them. Both of these facts cause Juan to fly into a rage because he feels his mother doesn’t appreciate his sacrifice. She tells him to move on from the past and think about finding a wife, someone “sacred” (203).
Juan dedicates himself to fixing up the house for his family. His nephews help him, and they ask about Mexico and their family’s past. Juan storms away when he realizes his nephews don’t believe that their family was ever “big” and “powerful” (205). They think only white people, not Mexicans, can be rich. He feels torn between wanting to be with his mother and wanting to return to Lily and Katherine. Luisa realizes he may desert them and confronts him, saying they “need” him to stay since he is a man (206). He agrees to stay and decides to look for a pool hall to gamble in. He remembers all the rules Duel taught him about how to be successful at poker, including to eat breakfast at dinner time. Juan tries to do this but is thrown out of the breakfast establishment for being Mexican. Juan is enraged by this policy and leaves “ready to kill” (208). He goes to a place where he saw men playing poker earlier and joins in. He starts out cautious but then starts winning bigger and bigger hands. This leads to one of the men trying to cut this throat and kill him. Juan moves slightly so only his chin is cut instead, but before he can defend himself, he blacks out.
Lupe and her family all get jobs in Arizona after crossing the border. Despite this, they are still poor. One day Lupe sees a beautiful peach dress in a store window, a dress that would cost more than all of their week’s salaries combined. A week later Doña Guadalupe uses the last of the gold to buy the dress for Lupe. Lupe is astonished and so happy. She wears it to church the next week and continues to “caress” it (212). After church, she goes to the movies with her siblings and Carlota’s friends. While there she catches a glimpse of herself in the mirror and realizes how beautiful she is. The family’s struggles increase as Don Victor starts to lose his strength and Doña Guadalupe starts to lose her mind. Lupe also grows ill from the heat, and the family is severely compromised. They travel west to California, and though Lupe worsens along the way, she completely heals when they get to San Diego. They continue on to Santa Ana, where Don Manuel lives. He helps them get jobs, and they start doing decent enough to allow Lupe to return to school.
Initially Lupe has to enter the third grade even though she is a teen, but a few months in she is moved to seventh grade. After school one day she is preparing dinner for her family, who are still out working, when she hears a knock. She opens the door to a decrepit man who asks for water. She provides him water, and he asks about her family and where she is from. Lupe confirms all his questions but then questions how he knows so much about them. He explains that he is Sophia’s husband. Lupe is in shock since everyone but Doña Guadalupe believed Sophia was dead.
Once the family gets home, a neighbor brings them to Anaheim, a nearby city where Sophia lives with her husband and children. She explains she had gotten off the ship that sank and boarded a different one. She was robbed within her first 24 hours on the ship and was treated the whole way like “cattle” (216). Upon arrival, she was immediately swindled by the man she pawned some jewelry too. Luckily she was taken in by a couple who felt bad for her. She traveled with them to work in some cotton fields. The owner, Johnny, refused to pay her what she deserved because she was not married. He then proposed to her, which she refused. She tried to leave with the couple the next day, but Johnny refused to let her go. The woman who worked with Johnny told Sophia that she should be pleased with the proposal and happy that he didn’t just rape her. Johnny proposed to her every day after that. He then cut off her food supply. Shortly after, starving and near hopeless, Sophia spotted Francisco crossing over the ranch where she was trapped. She gave him what little food she had and explained her situation. His first reaction was to get out of there as fast as possible, but Sophia insisted he help her in some way, so he agreed to let her travel with him. They traveled and worked together, eventually marrying. After Sophia finishes recounting her story, the family laughs, prays, and plants some lily bulbs together.
A few months later Lupe and some of her family members travel to an apricot farm for work. On the way they need to stop for milk and eggs. They spot a house with a goat and chickens and pull over to ask if they can buy some milk and eggs. Luisa answers the door and agrees to give them access to the chickens and the goat in exchange for a box of beans. Both Juan and Doña Margarita condemn this act as evil, since the eggs have already been picked for the day and the goat is ornery and violent. However, as Doña Margarita watches Lupe approach the goat from the window, Lupe is able to calm and milk it. Doña Margarita also notices that Lupe is gorgeous so goes to find Juan so she can introduce them. She finds Juan already outside observing the men Lupe came with. He doesn’t notice Lupe walk up, but Doña Margarita sees Lupe notice him, and her look is one of “revulsion” (222). Doña Margarita admits to herself that her son is probably not “ready” for a woman like Lupe (222).
Time goes on and Doña Margarita prays for Juan to heal. He looks for work at a rock quarry where he quickly becomes the butt of discrimination. About to leave in a rage again, the company announces they need powder men, a job only Juan is qualified for. They hire him on the spot. Once on the job, he does excellent, steady work. At lunch, however, all the other powder men gang up on him because he is Mexican, not white. Juan walks away from the group and joins the Mexicans, who are eating under a nearby tree. They welcome him and offer him a taco. They are in shock that Juan is both Mexican and a licensed powder man. Juan explains he was only licensed because the men in Montana thought he was Chinese. Juan returns to work where another man named Jack competes with him. Juan keeps up despite not being as in shape as Jack. At the end of the workday the guy running the show tells Juan to keep to himself and he will always have a job. Juan takes his family grocery shopping that night to celebrate. His mother comments about how happy she is to see Juan “settling down” and how she hopes his gun won’t scare off any more women like it did Lupe (229).
When Juan shows up for work the next day, he isn’t allowed to keep working with the powder men. The Mexican workers say that it is because he outworked the white men and that he should be proud. While they are at work, an unannounced explosion ends up killing some of the Mexican men. Later on at the bar, they decide to unite and demand better protection as well as a remittance for the affected families. They show up and make their demands the next morning. They are threatened by men with pistols and told that a new horn has been purchased to avoid future accidents. The men give in, and Juan goes wild, screaming at the Mexican men, “I piss on you!” A fellow worker named Julio joins Juan in escaping the quarry, and they run away to Mexicali, where they begin a small operation bringing bootleg alcohol across the border. Over the next year Juan gambles constantly, always on the lookout for the two men who cut his face. He becomes “known as the man who couldn’t die” (234).
While Doña Guadalupe and Doña Margarita’s families have a lot in common, one of their biggest differences comes to light in this section—the behavior of the sons. While both Juan and Victoriano spend a fair amount of their childhoods without the direction of a father, and while both are victims of unnecessary violence and racism, they turn out quite differently. While Victoriano doesn’t shy away from a fight, he certainly does not instigate them the way that Juan tends to. Juan is much more volatile and selfish. His actions scare rather than attract women, whereas Victoriano does everything he can to protect the women in his life.
The question of what constitutes a “good man” is often put on the table in this book, and Juan and Victoriano represent opposite sides of this coin. While Victoriano continues to work alongside and for his family, even Juan’s own mother begins to understand him as anything other than a family man. Much like the dynamite he works with, Juan is liable to explode at any moment.
The common adage that grass isn’t always greener on the other side also plays a significant role in this section. Both families struggle for years to reach the safety of the border, but when they arrive, their problems do not abate. While they are no longer caught in the danger of war, they are victims of virulent racism and forced to raise their children in a country that considers them foolish at best and rabid at worst. They start to lose sight of their legacy and personal history in this new country and, forced to constantly move to find work, their claim to home continues to fragment as well. Juan experiences this to a lesser degree; though he can’t seem to settle in any one location, he always thinks there is somewhere better that he could be.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features: